Smoke Out in California?

As PM 2.5 carbon particles are tiny, when breathed in, they easily lodge in the lungs. This, of course, means these particles increase the risk of respiratory conditions, including lung cancer. PM 2.5s have also been linked to cardio-vascular disease and strokes. A recent Science Advances study quantified the impact of PM 2.5s, generated by wildfires, on human health in California. In the period 2008-2018, exposure to wildfire smoke was a contributing factor in the premature deaths of over 50,000 Californians. This study also revealed that such air pollution, increased the state's health expenses by over $430 bn (https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/article/2024/jun/07/california-premature-deaths-wildfire-smoke-study). Wildfires are an increasing problem in the forests of Northern California, Washington State and neighbouring Canada. Climate change has increased wildfire intensity, as well as extending the 'season'. Smoke, of course, doesn't stay, where it's produced. Winds will carry the generated PM 2.5s to very distant locations (including New York and Washington DC). It will consequently cause human health problems in those locations. Other animals, also breathe in these health-damaging particles. PM 2.5s are, of course, also produced by domestic wood fires. In deed, they are a major cause of premature death of women and children in rural India. There, wood is used for cooking and heating in relatively unventilated homes. The men go out to work. PM 2.5 carbon particles are also breathed in with cigarette/cigar smoke. They are also pumped out by the exhausts of cars and trucks. Diesel fuels generate particularly high concentrations. It's consequently a very good idea to limit the entry of high-emitting motor vehicles from city centres. Air pollution is a major health risk for humans and the contribution made by wildfires is clearly a growth area.