Fat of the Land?

Bristol University's 'Children of the 90's' study continues to throw up intriguing, but difficult to explain, correlations (https://www.theguardian.com/society/2022/jan/21/children-of-the-90s-smoking-body-fat). The study initially recruited 14,000 pregnant women to participate. It now includes many of their children and grandchildren. An early 'finding' was that women who ate oily fish (like herrings), tended to have children with sharper eyesight. This appeared to be true, even if such fish were only eaten once a fortnight. A later correlation was that, if a father smoked before reaching puberty, his sons (but not his daughters) tended to have higher than the expected levels of body fat. The latest claim is that women and girls whose grandfathers or great-grandfathers started smoking before the age of 13, also tended to have more body fat. The comment must be made, however, that the data in this type of study is all self-reported. Participants may not have an entirely accurate recollection/make a factual response to questions about when they/a relative started smoking or what items were eaten. It is also difficult to explain to biological bases of some of these apparent linkages. If true, however, the sins of the father are visited on their sons (and daughters)!