Wednesday, 16 December 2020

Mounting Problems in the Scottish Mountains

There is a developing story with parallels to the Industrial Melanisation tale for the Peppered moth. When the factories started bletching out soot, in the Victorian Midlands, it killed the lichen on tree trunks and blackened their surfaces. A previously rare, black (melanic) form of the moth was suddenly better camouflaged, than the previously much more common, speckled (Peppered) variety. The melanic form, as it avoided predators more easily, became the dominant variety. This was only reversed by 'The Clean Air Act', which limited factory effluent and restored the lichen to the tree trunks. It seems that Scotland's Mountain hares are becoming endangered by the disappearance of winter snows (https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2020/dec/16/mountain-hares-at-risk-as-winter-coats-fail-to-camouflage-in-snowless-scottish-highlands). The hares moult and adopt a characteristic white coat in the winter, normally giving them effective camouflage against the snowy surfaces. The disappearance of the snow (climate change?), makes the hares easier to detect by predators, increasing their chances of being killed. Unfortunately, there is no sign at present of the hares adapting to this environmental change, by remaining brown. The colour-change might well be triggered by changing winter daylength, in which case, adaptation would be difficult. This looks like another good reason for trying to limit climate change?

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