Our Friends Electric?

The batteries, used to power electric cars, are produced using substantial amounts of lithium, nickel and cobalt. Quantities of these metals are limited. Mining them has climatic, environmental and human rights impacts. It has been estimated that, by 2030, the richer parts of the world will have 145 million electric vehicles. The batteries don't last forever. They have to be 'retired', when they can no longer provide sufficient propulsion. Millions of electric car batteries will have to be 'retired' in the next decade. What should happen to them? (https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2021/aug/20/electric-car-batteries-what-happens-to-them). Rather obviously, ways of recycling the lithium, nickel and cobalt in 'retired' electric car batteries, will have to be found. Some authorities have pointed out, however, that the batteries have lots of capacity remaining after their first use in electric cars. Trials, giving them second lives as storage units for excess power generated by solar or wind farms, are being carried out. The 'retired' batteries may even have roles as home energy storage systems. It should be accepted, however, that the Earth has finite amounts of easily extractable/recyclable lithium, nickel and cobalt. Perhaps there will not be sufficient for a battery for every vehicle on the planet, by 2050?