Sunday 27 March 2022

Biting Into US Mosquito Problem?

Aedes aegypti is a species of mosquito, not really native to the USA. This biting fly is, however, now widely spreading in that country, especially in Florida and California. Had the mosquito been endemic, it is still unlikely to have been subjected to conservation programmes. The bite of the female Aedes aegypti (she needs blood for her egg development), can transmit a range of human diseases including Chikunya, Dengue, Yellow fever and Zika. An attempt is being made to eradicate this disease vector, by releasing 2.4 bn genetically-modified male Aedes aegypti in California (https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2022/mar/26/us-release-genetically-modified-mosquitoes-diseases). Male mosquitoes do not bite, as they can get by on fruit juice. Females only mate once. The genetically-modified male Aedes aegypti, produced by the UK biotech company Oxitec, make a protein meaning that their only viable offspring are also non-biting males. Mosquito larvae are aquatic and live in stagnant water. Because of recent water shortages in California, Aedes aegypti mosquitoes have been driven to breed around people's houses. Where there are people, there are potential blood meals! Using insecticides would have been problematic as a) it would have killed all other insects in the vicinity, including pollinators and b) these pesticides are also toxic to humans. Trials with genetically-modified male Aedes aegypti in Florida, appear to have gone well.

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